DSG,CAS:79642-50-5,DSP,57757-57-0,DSS,68528-80-3

DSG Crosslinker

DSG crosslinker (Disuccinimidyl glutarate; Di(N-succinimidyl) glutarate) is a homobifunctional crosslinking reagent that is membrane permeable. DSG protein crosslinker is often used in ChIP assays to determine DNA-protein binding interactions. DSG crosslinking takes place through amine-reactive NHS esters at both ends of a 5-atom (7.7 angstrom) spacer arm. DSG crosslinker must be dissolved in an organic solvent, such as DMSO or DMF, then added to an aqueous crosslinking reaction. The directly water soluble version of Di(N-succinimidyl) glutarate is BS2G.

Specifications
Purity (NMR): ≥ 97%
Visual: White to off-white powder
Melting Point: 144-148ºC
 

Molecular weight: 326.26 
Spacer Length: 7.7 Å 
CAS Number:79642-50-5 

Alternative names: Di(N-succinimidyl) glutarate; Di-succinimidyl glutarate; Di N-succinimidyl glutarate; DSG Cross-linker; Bis-NHS glutarate; Disuccinimidyl glutaric dicarboxylate 

References:
Zhang, Y. J., Caulfield, T., Xu, Y. F., Gendron, T. F., Hubbard, J., Stetler, C., ... & Petrucelli, L. (2013). The dual functions of the extreme N-terminus of TDP-43 in regulating its biological activity and inclusion formation. Human molecular genetics. 

Choi, N. M., & Boss, J. M. (2012). Multiple Histone Methyl and Acetyltransferase Complex Components Bind the HLA-DRA Gene. PloS one, 7(5), e37554. PMID: 22701520 PMCID: PMC3365104 

Siersbæk, M. S., Loft, A., Aagaard, M. M., Nielsen, R., Schmidt, S. F., Petrovic, N., ... & Mandrup, S. (2012). Genome-wide profiling of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in primary epididymal, inguinal, and brown adipocytes reveals depot-selective binding correlated with gene expression. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 32(17), 3452-3463. 

Structure

DSP crosslinker (DTSP; Dithiobis[succinimidyl propionate]; Lomant's Reagent) is a homobifunctional and cleavable crosslinker that is cell membrane permeable. DSP crosslinker has amine-reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters at both ends of a cleavable, 8-atom (12.0 angstrom) spacer arm, and DSP cross links occur via these NHS esters. DSP crosslinking reagent contains a reducible disulfide (thiol) bond in the spacer arm that make it a good choice for various applications. The disulfide bond may be reduced with TCEP-HCl or DTT to reverse the crosslinked proteins. 

A deuterated analog of DSP is available for mass spec studies. Use "light" DSP-d₀non-deuterated protein crosslinking reagent in combination with the "heavy", deuterated analog (DSP-d₈) for mass spec experiments. 

DSP crosslinker must be dissolved in an organic solvent, such as DMSO or DMF, then added to an aqueous crosslinking reaction. DSP is soluble in DMF, DMSO, acetone, and chloroform (up to 50mg/ml). DSP crosslinking reagent can be used to crosslink intracellular proteins and is often used for crosslinking in immunoprecipitation (IP), Co-IP and ChIP assays. If extracellular crosslinking is desired, then DTSSP crosslinker, the water soluble analog of DSP can be used. 

Some precipitation of DSP crosslinking reagent can occur when diluting DMSO-dissolved DSP crosslinker in PBS. In order to minimize DSP precipitation when DMSO-dissolved DSP stock is added to PBS, gentle vortexing the PBS solution while dropwise adding the DMSO stock solution may help. Gentle warming of the reaction solution may also help minimize precipitation. If a precipitate is observed, then the protein and DSP crosslinker concentrations should be decreased. Alternatively, DMSO concentration may be increased up to 20% of the final concentration in the reaction solution.

Molecular Weight: 404.42 
Spacer Length: 12.0 Å 
CAS Number:57757-57-0 

Alternative names: 3,3'-Dithiodipropionic acid di(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester); Di(N-succinimidyl) 3,3′-dithiodipropionate; Dithiobis-succinimidyl propionate; Dithio-bis-succinimidyl propionate; Dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate); Lomant's Reagent; DSP cross-linker; DTSP crosslinker; DSP-d0 

Structure

DSS Crosslinker

DSS crosslinker (Disuccinimidyl suberate) is a homobifunctional crosslinker that is cell membrane permeable. DSS cross links via NHS ester. DSS crosslinker has amine-reactive NHS esters at both ends of an 8-atom (11.4 angstrom) spacer arm that are used to conjugate proteins. The DSS crosslinking reagent must be dissolved in an organic solvent, such as DMSO or DMF, then added to an aqueous crosslinking reaction. 

DSS crosslinker can be used to conjugate or crosslink intracellular proteins. If extracellular crosslinking is desired, then BS3, the water soluble analog of DSS (Disuccinimidyl suberate), can be used. 

The heavy, deuterated version of Disuccinimidyl suberate is DSS-d4 for mass spec studies.

Specifications
Purity (NMR): ≥ 95% (typical lots are 99% pure)
Visual: White to off-white powder
Melting Point: 162-170ºC
 

Molecular weight: 368.34 
Spacer Length: 11.4 Å 
CAS Number:68528-80-3 

Alternative names: Bis(succinimidyl) suberate; Suberic acid bis(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester); Disuccinimidyl suberate; Disuccinimidyl octanedioate; DSS cross link; DSS-d0 

Structure

BS2G Crosslinker

BS2G crosslinker (BS²G; Bis[Sulfosuccinimidyl] glutarate) is an amine-reactive, water soluble, homobifunctional protein crosslinker. The BS2G protein crosslinker's 5-atom (7.7 angstrom) spacer arm is non-cleavable and the molecule is not cell membrane permeable. The BS2G crosslinking reagent's Sulfo-NHS esters are amino reactive and can be used to label cell surface proteins. Also, the Sulfo-NHS esters of BS2G allow the crosslinking reaction to occur in aqueous solutions in near physiological conditions. DSG (Disuccinimidyl glutarate; Di(N-succinimidyl) glutarate) is the membrane permeable analog of BS2G. 

BS2G is the light version (BS2G-d0), whereas BS2G-d4 is the heavy, deuterated analog and together they can be used for protein-protein interaction mapping using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LCMS, LC/MS, LC-MS).

Molecular Weight: 530.35 
Spacer Length: 7.7 Å 

Alternative Names: Glutaric acid bis(3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester); BS²G; Sulfo-DSG; BS2G cross-linker; BS2G-d0; BS²G-d₀ 

References:
Kannan, R., Santhoshkumar, P., Mooney, B. P., & Sharma, K. K. (2013). αA66-80 peptide interacts with soluble α-crystallin and induces its aggregation and precipitation: A contribution to age related cataract formation. Biochemistry. 

Kannan, R., Santhoshkumar, P., Mooney, B. P., & Sharma, K. K. (2013). Identification of Subunit-Subunit Interaction Sites in αA-WT Crystallin and Mutant αA-G98R Crystallin Using Isotope-Labeled Cross-Linker and Mass Spectrometry. PloS one, 8(6), e65610. 

 Structure

BS3 Crosslinker

BS3 crosslinker (Bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate; Sulfo-DSS; BSSS) is an amine-reactive, water soluble, homobifunctional protein crosslinker. Due to BS3 crosslinking reagent's water solubility, conjugation reactions conveniently can take place at physiological conditions. The 8-atom spacer arm of the BS3 crosslinking reagent is non-cleavable and the molecule is not cell membrane permeable. The BS3 protein crosslinker possesses amino reactive Sulfo-NHS esters on both ends of the molecule and can be used to prepare antibody-protein conjugates, for crosslinking cell surface proteins, and for covalently orienting antibody to an immobilized Protein A or Protein G resin.

Molecular Weight: 572.43 
Spacer Length: 11.4 Å 
CAS Number:82436-77-9 

Alternative Names: Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate; Suberic acid bis(3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester); Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate; BS³; Sulfo-DSS; BS 3; BSSS 

References:
Ferns, J. E., Theisen, C. S., Fibuch, E. E., & Seidler, N. W. (2012). Protection against protein aggregation by alpha-crystallin as a mechanism of preconditioning. Neurochemical research, 37(2), 244-252. 

Structure

Sulfo-SANPAH Crosslinker

Sulfo-SANPAH crosslinker (N-Sulfosuccinimidyl-6-[4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino] hexanoate) is a water soluble, heterobifunctional protein crosslinker with a spacer arm length of 18.2 angstroms. The Sulfo-SANPAH crosslinking reagent contains an NHS ester that reacts with primary amines and a nitrophenylazide group that is photoreactive at 320-350 nm toward amino groups. Sulfo-SANPAH crosslinker is immediay water soluble without the use of organic solvents. Commonly, Sulfo-SANPAH enhances Western blot experiments; likewise Sulfo-SANPAH activated polyacrylamide (PAA) gel crosslinked to fibronectin or collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) is used in tissue culture studies.

Molecular Weight: 492.40 
Spacer Length: 18.2 Å 
CAS Number:102568-43-4 

Alternative Names: 1-[6-[(4-azido-2-nitro-phenyl)amino]hexanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidine-3-sulfonic acid; Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-((4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino)hexanoate 

References:
Lee, H. H., Lee, H. C., Chou, C. C., Hur, S. S., Osterday, K., del Álamo, J. C., ... & Chien, S. (2013). Shp2 plays a crucial role in cell structural orientation and force polarity in response to matrix rigidity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(8), 2840-2845. 

Vonwil, D., Trüssel, A., Haupt, O., Gobaa, S., Barbero, A., Shastri, V. P., & Martin, I. (2012). Substrate elasticity modulates TGF beta stimulated re-differentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2(5), 351-362. 

Al-Haque, S., Miklas, J. W., Feric, N., Chiu, L. L., Chen, W. L. K., Simmons, C. A., & Radisic, M. (2012). Hydrogel Substrate Stiffness and Topography Interact to Induce Contact Guidance in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Macromolecular bioscience, 12(10), 1342-1353. 

Structure

Sulfo-SMCC Crosslinker

Sulfo-SMCC crosslinker (Sulfosuccinimidyl-4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate) is a water soluble, heterobifunctional crosslinker (SMCC is the water insoluble protein crosslinking analog of Sulfo-SMCC crosslinker). As such, the non-membrane piercing Sulfo-SMCC protein crosslinking reagent can conjugate extracellular proteins. 

Sulfo-SMCC crosslinker has an 8.3 angstrom, non-cleavable spacer arm. Sulfo-SMCC conjugation occurs via a maleimide group which reacts with sulfhydryls (thiols, -SH), while its Sulfo-NHS ester is reactive toward primary amines (as found in Lysine and the protein or peptide N-terminus). Sulfo-SMCC crosslinking reagent is routinely used to prepare hapten-carrier protein, polymers, and antibody-enzyme conjugates, such as HRP conjugation. 

SATA Protein Modifier can be used to add sulfhydryl groups (thiols, -SH) to proteins or peptides prior to Sulfo-SMCC crosslinking.

Molecular Weight: 436.37 
Spacer Length: 8.3 Å 
CAS Number:92921-24-9 
Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₁₇N₂NaO₉S 

Alternative Names: 4-(N-Maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; Water Soluble SMCC; Sulfo-SMCC X-linker; SSMCC; S-SMCC; Sulfosuccinimidyl-4-N-maleimidomethyl-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate; Sulfo SMCC CAS Number 92921-24-9 

Structure

Sulfo-LC-SPDP Crosslinker

Sulfo-LC-SPDP protein crosslinking reagent, Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(3'-[2-pyridyldithio]-propionamido)hexanoate, is one of three SPDP variants produced by ProteoChem (LC-SPDP is the other). Sulfo-LC-SPDP is a cleavable, water soluble, amino and thiol (sulfhydryl) reactive heterobifunctional protein crosslinker. The "long chain" Sulfo-LC-SPDP crosslinking reagent has a 15.7 angstrom spacer arm, and is the water soluble analog of LC-SPDP crosslinker. 

Sulfo-LC-SPDP crosslinker's reactive groups include N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) ester that reacts with primary amines, as found in lysine side chains; while on the other end of the Sulfo-LC-SPDP crosslinking molecule pyridinyldisulfide reacts with sulhydryls to yield a reversible disulfide bond. The disulfide bond can be reduced with TCEP-HCl or DTT to reverse the crosslinked proteins. 

Molecular Weight: 527.57 
Spacer Length: 15.7 Å 
References: Me?ndez, J., Monteagudo, A., & Griebenow, K. (2012). Stimulus-responsive controlled release system by covalent immobilization of an enzyme into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Bioconjugate chemistry, 23(4), 698-704. 

Ciani, I., Schulze, H., Corrigan, D. K., Henihan, G., Giraud, G., Terry, J. G., ... & Mount, A. R. (2012). Development of immunosensors for direct detection of three wound infection biomarkers at point of care using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 31(1), 413-418.

Structure

Sulfo-MBS Crosslinker

Sulfo-MBS crosslinker (m-Maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester) is a non-cleavable, water soluble, heterobifunctional protein crosslinking reagent that is commonly used to crosslink haptens to carrier proteins and enzymes to antibody. The Sulfo-MBS crosslinking reagent's NHS ester and maleimide reactive groups react with amine and sulfhydryl moites, respectively. MBS crosslinker is the water insoluble analog of Sulfo-MBS crosslinker which is also offered by ProteoChem. 

SATA Protein Modifier can be used to add sulfhydryl groups (thiols, -SH) to proteins or peptides prior to Sulfo-MBS crosslinking. 

Molecular Weight: 416.29 
CAS:92921-25-0 
Spacer Length: 7.3 Å 

Alternative Names: 3-Maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester; meta-Maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester; Sulfo MBS 

Structure

SPDP Crosslinker

SPDP crosslinker (N-Succinimidyl 3-[2-pyridyldithio]-propionate) is a cleavable, water insoluble, amino and thiol (sulfhydryl) reactive heterobifunctional protein crosslinker. The SPDP crosslinking reagent crosslinks protein or peptides via reactive moites consisting of an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester that reacts with primary amines, as found in lysine side chains or the N-terminus of proteins and peptides; on the other end of the SPDP crosslinking molecule pyridinyldisulfide reacts with sulhydryls to yield a reversible disulfide bond which can be reduced with TCEP-HCl or DTT. 

ProteoChem also offers a "long chain" version of the SPDP protein crosslinker. LC-SPDP crosslinker has a 15.7 angstrom spacer arm, compared to the shorter 6.8 angstrom spacer arm version of the SPDP protein crosslinker. Often, due to steric hindrances, it is desirable to empirically test which of the two versions will work best in your specific application.

Molecular Weight: 312.36 
Spacer Length: 6.8 Å 
CAS Number:68181-17-9 

Alternative Names: 3-(2-Pyridyldithio)propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; SPDP Cross-Linker 

Structure

LC-SPDP Crosslinker

LC-SPDP crosslinker, Succinimidyl 6-(3-[2-pyridyldithio]-propionamido)hexanoate, is a cleavable, water insoluble, amino and thiol (sulfhydryl) reactive heterobifunctional protein crosslinker. The "long chain" LC-SPDP crosslinking reagent has a 15.7 angstrom spacer arm, compared to the shorter 6.8 angstrom spacer arm version of SPDP crosslinker. Often, due to steric hindrances, it is desirable to empirically test which of the two LC-SPDP crosslinker versions will work best in your specific crosslinking application. 

LC-SPDP crosslinker's reactive moites consist of an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester that reacts with primary amines, as found in lysine side chains. While on the other end of the LC-SPDP crosslinker molecule pyridinyldisulfide reacts with sulhydryls to yield a reducible disulfide bond which can be reduced with TCEP-HCl or DTT to reverse the crosslinked proteins. 

Molecular Weight: 425.5 
Spacer Length: 15.7 Å 

Structure

MBS Crosslinker

MBS crosslinker (m-Maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) is a non-cleavable, water insoluble, heterobifunctional protein crosslinking reagent that is commonly used to crosslink haptens to carrier proteins and enzymes to antibody. The MBS crosslinking reagent's NHS ester and maleimide reactive groups react with amino and sulfhydryl moites, respectively. Sulfo-MBS crosslinker is the water soluble analog of MBS protein crosslinker and is a convenient choice if you do not wish to use organic solvents to solubilize MBS protein crosslinking reagent. The MBS protein crosslinker extended spacer arm analog is SMPB crosslinker 

SATA Protein Modifier can be used to add sulfhydryl groups (thiols, -SH) to proteins or peptides prior to MBS crosslinking. 

Molecular Weight: 314.3 
Spacer Length: 7.3 Å 
CAS Number:58626-38-3 

Alternative Names: 3-Maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; meta-Maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; MBS protein crosslinker

Structure

EMCS Crosslinker

EMCS crosslinker (N-[e-Maleimidocaproyloxy]succinimide ester) is a non-cleavable, water insoluble, heterobifunctional protein crosslinking reagent that is commonly used to crosslink haptens to carrier proteins and enzymes to antibody. The EMCS protein crosslinker spacer arm length is 9.4 angstroms and is longer than GMBS crosslinker. EMCS crosslinking reagent's NHS ester and maleimide reactive groups react with amino and sulfhydryl moites, respectively. 

Molecular Weight: 308.29 
Spacer Length: 9.4 Å 
CAS Number:55750-63-5 

Alternative Names: N-(epsilon-Malaimidocaproyloxy) succinimide; 6-maleimidohexanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester 

Structure

BMPS Crosslinker

BMPS crosslinker, N-(ß-Maleimidopropyloxy)succinimide ester, is a non-cleavable, water insoluble, heterobifunctional protein crosslinker that is commonly used to crosslink haptens to carrier proteins and enzymes to antibody. The BMPS protein crosslinker's spacer arm length of 5.9 angstroms is the shortest of the C₃homolog of aliphatic spacer series (see also EMCS crosslinker and GMBS). The BMPS crosslinker's NHS ester and maleimide reactive groups react with amino and sulfhydryl moites, respectively. For maleimide and carboxyl reactive groups, the BMPS crosslinking reagent analog BMPA may be a good choice for your studies. 

Molecular Weight: 266.2 
Spacer Length: 5.9 Å 
CAS Number:55750-62-4 

Alternative Names: BMPS cross-linker; N-(beta-Maleimidopropyloxy)succinimide ester; N-(b-Maleimidopropyloxy)succinimide ester; N-Succinimidyl 3-maleimidopropionate; 3-Maleimidopropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester 

Structure

GMBS crosslinker (N-[Gamma-Maleimidobutyryloxy] Succinimide) is a non-cleavable, water insoluble, heterobifunctional protein crosslinker. The GMBS crosslinking reagent is commonly used to crosslink haptens to carrier proteins and enzymes to antibody. The GMBS protein crosslinker has a short spacer arm length of 7.3 angstroms and is less immunogenic than the analogous MBS crosslinker. The GMBS crosslinker's NHS ester and maleimide reactive groups react with amino and sulfhydryl moites, respectively. 

Molecular Weight: 280.2 
Spacer Length: 7.3 Å 
CAS Number:80307-12-6 

Alternative Name: 4-Maleimdobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester 

Structure

ANB-NOS crosslinker (N-5-Azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide) is a heterobifunctional protein crosslinker with a spacer arm length of 7.7 angstroms. The ANB-NOS crosslinking reagent contains an NHS ester that reacts with primary amines and a nitrophenylazide group that is photoreactive at 320-350 nm toward amino groups. ANB-NOS photoreactive crosslinker is not immediay water soluble. 

Molecular Weight: 305.2 
Spacer Length: 7.7 Å 
CAS Number:60117-35-3 

Alternative Names: 5-Azido-2-nitrobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; N-(5-Azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxy)succinimide; N-Succinimidyl 5-azido-2-nitrobenzoate

Structure

DSG,CAS:79642-50-5,DSP,57757-57-0,DSS,68528-80-3

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